What is the effect of connecting two different capacitors in series on the total capacitance?

When connecting capacitors in series, the overall effect on total capacitance is that it decreases compared to the individual capacitance values of the capacitors involved. This happens because the formula for calculating total capacitance in a series arrangement involves the reciprocals of the individual capacitance values. Specifically, the total capacitance ((C_t)) can be calculated using the formula:

[

\frac{1}{C_t} = \frac{1}{C_1} + \frac{1}{C_2} + \ldots + \frac{1}{C_n}

]

In this formula, as the individual capacitance values are combined, the result of adding their reciprocals leads to a lower overall capacitance than any of the individual capacitors. This is because the series connection increases the total effective distance over which the electric field must act, resulting in a reduction of the ability to store charge. Therefore, the correct answer reflects this principle of series capacitance where the total capacitance decreases.