What is the primary function of an alternator?

The primary function of an alternator is to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. This process occurs through electromagnetic induction, where the alternator's rotor spins within a magnetic field, inducing an electrical current in the stator windings. This is vital in various applications, especially in automotive systems, where the alternator recharges the battery and powers electrical components while the engine is running.

While other functions mentioned in the options are important in the context of electrical systems, they do not pertain to the primary role of an alternator. For instance, the conversion of AC to DC is typically performed by a rectifier, not an alternator. Storing electrical energy is the function of batteries or capacitors, and regulating voltage levels is managed by voltage regulators, which work in conjunction with the alternator but do not define its fundamental purpose.